Why Thesis And Dissertation Is Not The Same And How Do They Differ - Paperell.com

Why Thesis And Dissertation Is Not The Same And How Do They Differ Why Thesis And Dissertation Is Not The Same And How Do They Differ? As of now at the beginning stage of applying to an instructive foundation, numerous understudies consider their further training. In the event that you are intending to complete the master’s or doctoral program, you should confront some new terms like postulation and thesis. Let’s attempt to comprehend the importance of these scholarly papers. Many alumni level projects for the most part come full circle with a last postulation or thesis. The point of the last undertaking is to speak to student’s information in the specific field of study. Presently we will recognize the contrasts between these meanings.The Main Features Of The Thesis WritingWhen you plan such task, you have to lead your own unique examination. It incorporates the theory that must be very new and, also, this sentence ought to advise about the exploration you have led. By and large, in the US, such task is a last undertaking for a master’s qualification. It is frequently a particular explor ation on a specific subject that ought to exhibit the student’s information they obtained during the program. What are its principle particular highlights? A master’s qualification paper is very like an exploration paper that understudies normally complete in school. While finishing this errand, you have to utilize the examination of others, however you likewise need to break down these disclosures all alone. It ought to exhibit the degree of both your basic and diagnostic reasoning. Such task likewise characterizes the subject you are chipping away at, utilizing other examination. It is simpler than a PhD degree venture however may likewise mess some up, so you can utilize proposal help. The length of master’s certificate venture is as a rule more than 100 pages and it incorporates less outer connections than a PhD last undertaking. While adapting to this undertaking, understudies ought to accentuate their own thoughts and conclusions.The Main Features Of The D issertation WritingIt is a last task for a doctorate certificate or PhD. At the point when you are dealing with a thesis composing, you ought to contribute something unfamiliar to your field of study. In this kind of work, the examination of others is utilized uniquely to help in your own investigation to make a completely new theory. The length of a paper is as a rule more than 400 pages. Exposition is here and there harder as it requires further information and investigative abilities, and furthermore accept that its creator has an inside and out information on the ongoing disclosures made in his general vicinity of study. In addition, you should find out new decisions about the data you have perused. On a thesis composing administrations, you can get familiar with it. Planning such work, you have to orchestrate gathered data and use it to introduce your perspective. You can share your own considerations in such work.What Are The Differences Between A Thesis And A Dissertation Wri ting?The specialized contrast between these two works is, from the start, the length and the manner in which you utilize the data for your examination. An exposition is lengthier and needs more opportunity to be finished. A proposition is short and, along these lines, it takes less effort to chip away at. Setting up a proposition, you ought to break down some data you have just assembled though a paper is constantly founded on your own exploration. A postulation additionally causes an understudy to get a grant. What's more, a subsequent work is a piece of a procedure that you make to acquire the degree. With respect to the type of these papers, the first is progressively similar to a scholastic examination work, while a thesis resembles a scholarly book. There is likewise some structure distinction between these two paper types. In a postulation, understudies utilize a speculation which is typically founded on the examination work of the others. What's more, simultaneously, in a PhD paper, a creator of it ought to have a lot of information on the new revelations. Another significant element of a proposal is that you center around your essential contention to affirm your point to your perusers. In another sort of undertaking, the fundamental spotlight is on the foundation work of a specialist. Moreover, in a postulation, you need work with the data from various sources, setting it up incorporates the examination of different works. While in thesis you include your own new discoveries and considerations to different sources and it requires argumentation that depends on a student’s individual study.General ConclusionHere we contemplated the most significant contrasts between these two kinds of papers. One more thing you should know is that the meanings of the terms we’ve talked about in this article can vary between the nations. For instance, in certain nations, a postulation is done to get the doctorate certificate while a paper assists with procur ing a master’s qualification. Numerous researchers state that these two assignments are the equivalent, when all is said in done. Today the significance of these two terms keeps on being easy to refute.

Influence Building Design Occupant Behavior-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Influence Of Building Design On Occupant Behavior? Answer: Presentation It is regular information that there is a connection between the structure of the structure and the inhabitant conduct. Furthermore, it is entirely expected to see individuals battling to discover structures with better plans regardless of the significant expense for such structures. It is likewise a conviction that the propensity idea of the structure of the structure additionally impacts the tenant's asset use (Zhao, 2014). For example, the types of vitality utilized for cooking or in any event, lighting is profoundly reliant on the sort of the structure. It is elusive individuals in working with lovely plans utilizing carbon wellsprings of vitality. This could be because of the way that they have higher financial status, in any case, the relationship between the structure and the practical conduct is end up being more grounded than every single other factor that could advance their stay in structures with such plans (Hong, 2016). The expansion in information and abilities among the tenants will rouse them against the high measure of vitality utilization. The plan of the structure which is vitality proficient has a more noteworthy commitment to both condition difficulties and financial difficulties. People groups discernment In current occasions recently structured structures are created with respect to the approaching vitality emergency where there must be a solid need to investigate and address great practices that encourage great utilization of vitality. Great planned vitality proficient structures make great condition for the clients as it lessens the expense of vitality. Individuals see that this structure improves comfort level for the tenants and there is a decrease of the vitality use as far as warming and lighting. Most land owners consider vitality proficient structure since they draw in the tenants as they devour insignificant vitality thus ease (Yu, et al, 2009). On the planet today most people consider this sort of structures since they financial aspects the utilization of the sustainable type of vitality which defeats non-sustainable power sources, contamination and vitality utilization with respect to agreeableness, wellbeing and security conditions. Vitality proficient structures are picked for the clients' reasons that are the objective to expend little measure of vitality. Lower vitality utilization structures have vitality controllers and covers and they are assessed by the clients with respect to the area and the expense of vitality (Yun, Tuochy and Steemers, 2009). The high society has couldn't care less disposition towards vitality utilization or use in the structure consequently they don't respect sustainable power sources. The status of individuals or the pay at that point acquire causes them to have a sample of the upper side where they don't consider vitality proficient structure which can assist them with saving the expenses or power bills. They subject the vitality effective structure with respect to the lower class staff who acquire low salary (Santin, et al, 2009). Understanding Inhabitants possess houses with respect to the pay and the work norms level in this way decreasing the expense of vitality henceforth sparing creation. There is clear sign that vitality proficient structure can be appropriately worked and kept up, the work in the structure can be solid and effective as it requires a couple of fixes which are handily done when they are required and they last more. The structures make conditions which are versatile since there are quality outside air and consistent and moderate ideal temperature that inspires tenants. Better vitality proficient structure includes great protection framework, productive windows, entryways and bay windows and high-effectiveness forced air systems and heaters. This sort of structures has a more prominent essentialness for enterprise or business to comprehend the worth the estimation of the entire structure and its offices consequently it ought to be ecologically well disposed. There is the decrease of waste as the structures upgrade arrival of toxic gas coming about to contamination and what's more, there is the utilization of characteristic assets, for example, water and power (Santin, et al, 2009). Vitality proficient structures will utilize sustainable power sources which can be squandered for example this sustainable power source can be created because of building coordinated PV frameworks. Existing structures which devour a great deal of vitality will be remodeled or be connected to clean vitality systems. All structure ought to have brilliant meters and legitimate establishments to improve the structures to be adaptable or to limit the vitality use (Yun, Tuochy and Steemers, 2009). Because of the ease of use there exists perspectives for vitality proficient structure that is the indoor climatic condition, warming, lighting, ventilation and specialized establishments. The development of new structures gives more opportunities to reconciliation of vitality proficient administration gauges that the old existing structures. Plainly vitality administrative machines like divider establishment are costly for existing structures yet incredibly costly for new structures (Yun, Tuochy and Steemers, 2009). Consciousness of vitality utilization in the college building Making mindfulness for the vitality utilization by the utilization of vitality proficient structure ought to be embraced. The accompanying measures ought to be thought of; the inhabitant vitality request ought to be diminished and the vitality that should be devoured ought to be given by sustainable power source which advances the vitality guidelines, the colleges should concentrate on the utilization of sunlight based boards, heat siphons, and buying of sustainable power sources while developing the new structures. Colleges fail to meet expectations in the side of vitality utilization, the tenants harbor star ecological protection measures multi inhabitance of the vitality utilizes in the colleges shows how the vitality is expended. There is incredible need to present vitality administrative frameworks of sustainable wellsprings of vitality, such the utilization of biogas and sun powered vitality which is cost sparing. It is fundamental for colleges to receive arrangements on the new structures which are vitality effective and this rule ought to be planned and actualized. The colleges ought to make mindfulness on the centrality of vitality effective structure through crusades or the utilization of internet based life by; advising the structure proprietors to empower the structures to work as clever units, that is by helping the structure to create sustainable power source frameworks; cradle, make changes move and move it to more noteworthy hugeness. Make mindfulness on the redesign of the structure routinely to improve the great utilization of the accessible vitality. The college should advocate for no check in advancement as the vitality changes make new difficulties, openings, and arrangements (Santin, et al., 2009). End There are different difficulties confronting tenants of vitality effective structure that is from moving from one objective to down to earth quantifies on the best way to manage the utilization of vitality. It is conceivable to recognize the highlights of vitality effective structure that is outfitting it with fitting materials which are proper to the area and the natural Accounting, then again, the vitality proficient structure ought to have the option to give luxuries and administrations which are vital for the tenants. An at long last the tenants must realize how to work in the lower vitality limit and vitality managing board ought to be made to upgrade the low degree of utilization subsequently low expenses. It is useful for people to receive the utilization of sustainable power source in the up and coming structure for the motivations behind controlling contamination from non-inexhaustible types of vitality, for example, contamination and the pace of vitality utilization can be limited then again. At last, the update of development to vitality effective structure should be refreshed time to time. There is have to plan the structure envelope and appropriate frameworks of working to augment vitality utilization. The Morden lodging should take a gander at the PC model of reproduction to make an appraisal on the vitality use in the structures and distinguish other vitality productive estimates which are suitable for example light material, straightforward rooftop sheets, ventilation plan, fireplace proficient in the structure and empty blocks. It is essential to concentrate on sustainable power source or on ways on limiting vitality wastage. References Hong, T., Taylor-Lange, S. C., DOca, S., Yan, D., Corgnati S. P. (2016). Advances in research and uses of vitality related inhabitant conduct in building. Vitality and Buildings. 116, 694-702.Management. Santin, Olivia Guerra, Laure Itard, and Henk VIsscher, (2009). The impact of inhabitance and Building attributes on vitality use for space and water warming in Dutch private stock. Vitality and buildings,41(11),1223-1232. Yu, z., Fung, B. C., Haghighat, f., yoshino, H., Morofsky, E. (2010). A methodical methodology to consider the impact of tenant conduct on building vitality utilization. Vitality and Buildings, 43(6), 1409-1417. Yun, G. Y., Tuochy. P., and steemers, K (2009). Warm execution of a normally ventilated structure utilizing a joined calculation of probabilistic Business conduct and deterministic warmth and mass parity models. Vitality and Buildings, 41(5), 489-499 Zhao, J., Lasternas, B., Lam, K. P., Yun, R., Loftness, V. (2014). Inhabitant conduct and timetable displaying for building vitality reenactment through office apparatus power utilization information mining. Vitality and Building, 82, 341-354

Gay Marriage

Gay Marriage Gay Marriage Home›Research Posts›Gay Marriage Research PostsIn a study carried out on homosexual men, it was found they are twice likely than to have been ever diagnosed with cancer or even survived one. This is a clear indication that gay people might be facing very unique medical risks. It wasn’t the first time those researchers ever noticed differences in risks of health that are linked to orientation of sex. In many researches carried out it has come out clear that Gay men, perhaps are at higher risks of being infected with HIV while lesbians are more likely to be to get breast cancer than any other women.In a new study which was published in Cancer online on May 9, researchers had made examination on surveys that had involved about 122, 000 residents from California who were interviewed in the year 2001, 2003 and 2005. In addition to other things, the researchers were perhaps interested in mostly the sexual orientation of the participants and whether any of them has ever had a diagnosis in breast cancer. From the research, it was reported that about 8 percent of the gays who participated had ever had cancer, results which were almost double a rate experienced in the bisexual men or the heterosexuals surveyed. Lesbians never reported higher risks of Cancer compared to other women but survivors of cancer who were lesbians, reported to have had poor or fair health in comparison to women who were heterosexuals. However, the study never stated whether gays had a likelihood of developing cancers because it never included people who had died from any disease or anyone who could have been too ill to reply to questions.Men bear a minimal amount of breast tissues that are nonfunctioning, i.e. one that can never produce milk, which is normally concentrated directly at the back of the nipple located on the wall of the chest. As that of the women, breast cancer in men is still the uncontrolled growth occurring in the abnormal cells of the tissues of the breast. The breast tissues of both the young girls and the boys, consists of tube like structures referred to as ducts. Unlike in ladies, testosterone, the male hormone suppresses growing of tissues in the breast and stops the lobules from developing. Hence the breast of males is comprised of small ducts that are undeveloped and fat in small amounts and other connective tissues.Breast cancer in males is rare accounting most probably for about 1 percent of all diagnosed breast cancers. In an estimation carried out by American Cancer Society in 2010, 1970 cases of breast cancers in men were reported upon which only 390 deaths were reported. The major cases reported of male cancers are of those within the age of 60 to 70. Hence, the risk of a man developing cancer of the breasts is approximately 1/10 in every 1,000 men.The type of breast cancer common to men is the infiltrating ductal carcinoma i.e. the one which originates from the tubular structures of the breast and probably spreading beyon d the ducts that surround the tissues. Other common types in men are the inflammatory carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and medullary carcinoma named for their microscopic appearance in addition to their growth. 85 percent of cancers found in men bear the estrogen receptors bound on their cell membrane which allows molecules of estrogen to bind to the cells of cancer hence stimulating the multiplication of cells and their growth.It is unaware to most people that men can actually develop breast cancer because it is a perception among many that men don’t have breasts. In a study carried out in the United Kingdom, it was found that each year about 46,000 cases of breast cancers are diagnosed but among them 300 are men. The causes of the cancer in men are not known; however factors that might increase risks are increment of age with most men being over 60 years of age. Radiation exposures is also another cause especially during radiotherapy treatments, obesity is another which is more si gnificant with men 35 years and above. Of course, not forgetting genetic links, this is most prevalent in first degree relatives who at young age had cancer. But also, estrogen in high levels resulting to the damage of the liver accompanied by other conditions can also increase risks. Finally is a hereditary condition called Kleinfelter’s syndrome that also increases the risk of breast cancer.The commonly witnessed symptoms include, a lump in the nipple or in any other part of the breast, discharge from the nipples, drawn or tender nipple, swelling of the breast or its ulceration and often swelling of lymph nodes beneath the arm. Diagnosis involves examination of the breasts, an ultrasound or a mammogram and perhaps “needle aspiration cytology and/or core biopsy”.Though the prevalence of breast cancer in gays has not been that common, their involvement in fighting breast cancer has been put into question especially at the “summer conference of the National Lesbian and Gay He alth Association” where a group of gays had to discuss their involvement in breast cancer awareness. From the conference it came clear that gays are very supportive in raising money and volunteering in the fight against breast cancer. There have also been rare cases where gay movements donate proceeds towards plays that create awareness about breast cancer.Gay men aren’t at significant risks of breast cancer; however the illness is closer to them as it affects their mothers, sisters, friends and neighbors. After every two minutes, a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer and lesbians as a group are at a higher risk. In this regards, gays can help in fighting breast cancer and also in increasing awareness in various ways that include learning the disease symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment. More knowledge of the cancer and its prevention is a major step towards supporting the ladies closer to them.Another way of assisting the victims is by befriending them as they need our c lose relatives more than ever before. As they suffer it is not always the time to get busy with hobbies, work or even other things. Also in a bid to increase awareness, it is advisable to encourage the victims by example. The major factors that increase risks of the disease include obesity never have birthed a child, alcohol use or even smoking and by encouraging them to reduce the risk is and added advantage. Encouragement may be joining them to a gym, dieting with them, helping them to stop smoking or even reducing consumption of alcohol.Another way of coming in handy is helping the manage because most of them are in no shape especially when affected by the disease and they will need help to battle bureaucracies in the hospitals, thoughtless nurses, insensitive doctors or even any other issues that may arise in the cause of treatment. By accompanying them to the doctor’s appointments, you help them reduce the load and in addition it is advisable to handle prescription issues for them. Finally it is advisable to be their advocate by raising monies in participating in breast cancer walks or even rides which are carried on in various dates throughout the year. By participating in the events or mobilizing friends to engage in the same so will be an encouragement to them.Gays may have a higher risk of breast cancers as researchers have suggested that this is because of the discrimination they face in their everyday lives; hence turning to alcohol, smoking and other bodily abuse to “numb the pain”. Even as they result to such drug abuse they increase risks of having the disease. As a result the government authorities are encouraged to enhance the right of gays to avoid discrimination that leads to them living a life of drug abuse.Even as it may appear rare among gays, in the few that it occurs, there has been stigma and it becomes an intricate issue to deal with. There were reported issues of even gays refusing to attend treatment because they feared the doc tors who would have realized that they are gay. But with more rights to the gays as the laws change often, it has become evident that they are now exercising their rights except for a few regions where legislation is a bit strict.It is even a rare realization in some regions, gay breast cancer is normally perceived with superstition as a punishment of their deeds and little or no health concern is directed to the individuals of the same sex. In such cases awareness is needed and as a result avoiding the little death that are witnessed among men who get the breast cancer. In addition, this being a disease of women a man with the same disease is also perceived to have defied creation and as a result no concern is given to them.Finally, breast cancer isn’t that common in gays but they are required to create awareness of its occurrence among their counter parts i.e. the lesbians upon whom they form rights groups and awareness groups with.

Analysis of the Storm Kate Chopin - 924 Words

Melendez English September 21, 2011 Essay II: The Storm Analysis of The Storm Passionate sex and an affair in 1899 were not to even be thought of, or to be written about. Kate Chopin writes â€Å"The Strom† about a young woman, along with her ex-lover from a previous romance, who under the right circumstances, gives in to her natural and sexual urge to be completely satisfied. Kate Chopin does an amazing job of combining plot, language, and setting to create a very passionate and vivid story. First, Chopin uses the plot to help tell her story. Chopin uses two different stories. She talks about Calixta’s husband Bobinot and her son Bibi on their journey home. She uses this subplot to foreshadow the storm that is approaching. Chopin†¦show more content†¦The Storm allows a woman to gain personal fulfillment and to remain happily married (Harris).† Their affair did no damage to their families, but reignited passion that they shared with their families. Rosenblum writes several good points about the storm. He sta tes, â€Å"This innocent adultery has given everyone a breath of freedom, cleansing them as the summer storm purifies the air,† â€Å"The storm is not only natural but also powerful, like the passions it symbolizes,† and â€Å"[Chopin] reinforces this idea [sex is natural] through other imagery drawn from nature, likening Alcee to the sun and Calixta to a lily and a pomegranate (Rosenblum).† Chopin is saying that sex is a natural force that we cannot avoid. It is essential like life. It renews the very essence of one’s being. This very sexual and sensual story was written so well. Chopin not only used a great plot, and great language, but she had the perfect setting for her story. She shows how the worst things can sometimes be the best. She wants her readers to understand that something â€Å"morally wrong† is not always bad. The affair changed Calixta’s relationship with her family for the better. Like the storm, it may have seemed bad at first, but when it was over it left her a brighter, happier, and more devoted mother and wife. â€Å"The storm passed, and everyone was happy (Chopin 156).† Works Cited Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Storm.† Lit. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. Print. Harris,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s The Storm 915 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 30, 2015 Analysis of Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm† â€Å"The Storm† by Kate Chopin is a story of passion and desire where morality has no home when it comes to love, sex, and marriage. â€Å"The Storm† as the title implies, tells a story about Calixta a married woman who has an affair with Alcee, a former beau who is also married. As the storm approaches so does Alcee riding upon his horse and he asks â€Å"May I come in and wait on your gallery till the storm is over, Calixta?† (Chopin , pg 121). She allowsRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s The Storm 1842 Words   |  8 PagesMagen Ware Phyl Charnes English 28, March 2014 Betrayal My research paper is on The Storm, by Kate Chopin. This story is about two married couples having an affair during a fierce storm while their partners are elsewhere. Alcee is a high class, landowner and liked Calixta who was lower class. They were in love but could not let anyone know because it would be a disgrace. Five years later, they were both separately married and did not talk often. Calixta and Bobinot are married and they haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s The Storm 1161 Words   |  5 Pageswhat would lead them to love and their happy ever after. Despite that, they always didn’t really love who they married, but they stood by because it was frowned upon for women to break the commitment of marriage, during this time period. In Kate Chopin’s, â€Å"The Storm† you can see that Calixta is unhappy in her married life, and it leads her to break away from the regular rules of a women in that time period. Similarly, in â€Å"Cinderella† by Anne Sexton, Cinderella does not seem happy in her marriage withRead MoreAn Analysis Of Kate Chopin s The Awakening And The Storm 1115 Words   |  5 Pagesof timeless literature that express this idea of new found feminism through stories of the obstacles women had to face are The Awakening, and The Storm, written by the illustrious author, Kate Chopin. Through these stories the reader sees an opposing perspective of mens actions, the suffering, and the hardships that women of these times endured. Chopin shows that in the times of these stories the institution of marriage, although sacred, places a restraint on true love because the conventions ofRead MoreThe Storm By Kate Chopin Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pages Kate Chopin was an American author who wrote the short story â€Å"The Storm†. It takes place somewhere down in Louisiana at a general store and at the house of Calixta, Bobinot who is the wife of Calixta, and their son Bibi. The other character in the story is the friend of Calixta, Alcee Laballiere. The story begins with Bobinot and Bibi in the general store to buy a can of shrimp; meanwhile, at home, Calixta is at home doing chores when a storm develops, which makes her worry about Bobinot and BibiRead MoreThe Storm by Kate Chopin1332 Words   |  6 Pages The first thing I noticed about Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm,† is that it is utt erly dripping with sexual imagery and symbolism. Our heroine, if you will, seems to be a woman with normally restrained passions and a well-defined sense of propriety, who finds herself in a situation that tears down her restraint and reveals the vixen within. I wonder if it was intentional that the name Calixta makes me think of Calypso – the nymph from Greek mythology. If half of the sexual symbolism I found in thisRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour1323 Words   |  6 Pagesunder an onerous marriage. In The Story of an Hour, through peculiar sentence structure, feministic themes, and irony, Kate Chopin portrays the resentment of women towards the oppressive institution of marriage through Mrs. Mallard’s joviality for her newly discovered freedom- a product of her husband’s assumed passing. Body Paragraph #1- Literary Device: Sentence Structure Kate Chopin commences the short story with â€Å"Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was takenRead More The Dilemma of Women Essay1817 Words   |  8 PagesKate Chopin wrote stories of women in different states of independence from the men in their lives. She felt strongly about feminism and wanted women to be liberated from the dependence of men. By looking at Chopin’s stories we can see how the characters longed to be strong and independent women. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, when Mrs. Mallard hears of her husbands death she feels liberated and is described as: When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. SheRead MoreLiterary Techniques Used in The Storm by Kate Chopin641 Words   |  3 Pagesmade me pick the story to write on. Kate Chopin did an outstanding job using symbolism, but this novel is not for all ages, if you know what I mean. How the setting, tone and theme all tie all together is what makes the story different from the others. Is the storm literal or symbolic? This particular question really stood out and really made me think and analysis the story. For example, the question asks about the storm if it is literal or symbolic. The storm is a super obvious symbol. Its involved

Conflict Styles With Face Negotiation Theory - 1022 Words

Conflict Styles With Face Negotiation Theory Introduction: In many aspects of our life, it is pervasive to work in a team. No matter in company, school, or another type of team it is necessary to be a part of a team and to achieve a team goal by corporations. People join a team with different personalities, goals, values, beliefs and needs. On the one hand, these differences can be a valuable quality of teams. On the other hand, these same differences inevitably lead to different levels of conflicts as well. This paper analyzed the conflicts communication by styles and types of conflict. There are five distinct types of conflicts, while this paper will only focus on collaboration conflict style and accommodating conflict style. These two types of conflict styles are more useful under corporative work environment. Additionally, my personal best and worst team experiences respectively illustrated how collaboration effective for my team work, and how overly accommodation influence my corporate outcomes. This paper is designed to offer a better understanding about conflicts styles, and intercultural communication and conflict within organizations. In terms of the paper structure, first, this paper gave a short explanation about the conflict styles. Then, some related concepts of Face Negotiation Theory explored in this paper as well. Additionally, it evaluated the effectiveness/ineffectiveness of collaboration conflict style and accommodating conflict styles in organizations.Show MoreRelatedFace Negotiation Theory By Stella Ting Toomey1465 Words   |  6 PagesFace-negotiation theory was developed by Stella Ting-Toomey, a professor of Speech Communication at California State University, Fullerton, who earned her Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 1981. She developed the theory after being influenced by the work of Goffman, and Brown and Levinson. Ting-Toomey (1988) states an assumption of face-negotiation theory is that â€Å"people in all cultures try to maintain and negotiate face in all communication situations.† Another assumption of the theoryRead MoreThe Theory Was Introduced By Stella Ting Toomey914 Words   |  4 PagesïÆ'Ëœ The theory was introduced by Stella Ting Toomey in 1985, a professor of human communication at California State University. ïÆ'Ëœ It states about the careful and imaginative administration of passionate dissatisfactions because of social or ethnic gathering enrollment character contrasts. ïÆ'Ëœ Negotiating is the to convince people around them to the point they need. ïÆ'Ëœ Negotiation doesn’t mean arguing or creating the point we like. It’s a discussion between people creating an agreementRead MoreThe Face-Negotiation Theory and Stella Ting-Toomey Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are many theories which describe different ways people communicate. According to Doctor Thomas Hanitzsch, an associate professor of communication at the University of Munich in Germany, â€Å"Communication Theory is an international forum publishing high quality, original research into the theoretical development of communication from across a wide array of disciplines† (â€Å"Communication Theory†). A specific communication theory that will be highlighted is the Face-Negotiation theory developed by StellaRead MoreThe Role of Negotiation in Conflict Resolution Essay examples1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of negotiation in conflict resolution Introduction Conflict or disagreement over the range of issues has become inherent aspect of modern organisational life. People from different cultural and education background work in an organisation. People working in an organisation may possess different goal and interest. People working in organisation may tend to different over a range of issues including organisational politics, organisational procedure, personal preference or political preferenceRead MoreCommunication and Personality in Communication1434 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: COMMUNICATION AND PERSONALITY IN NEGOTIATION PAPER Communication and Personality in Negotiation Paper MGT/445 University of Phoenix Communication and Personality in Negotiation Paper Negotiation can take place anywhere and at anytime. Negotiations can take place at home, at work, with family members, with friends, and co-workers. â€Å"Negotiation is a process by which we attempt to influence others to help us achieve our needs while at the same time takingRead MoreAn Analysis of American – Chinese Movie ‘Saving Face† by Using Face Negotiation Theory1939 Words   |  8 PagesAn analysis of American – Chinese movie ‘Saving face† by using Face Negotiation Theory Table of contents Face Negotiation Theory 2 An application of face-negotiation theory in the movie â€Å"Saving face† (2004) 3 Advantages and disadvantages of face theory 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 The term â€Å"face-negotiation theory† was first introduced by Stella Ting-Toomey, a Professor of Human Communication Studies at California State University, in 1988 based on amazing works of Goffman in 1955Read MoreFace Negotiation Theory4242 Words   |  17 PagesTing-Toomey 2011 Face-Negotiation Theory: Research and Assessment Stella Ting-Toomey 2011 Face-Negotiation Theory: Research and Assessment Face-Negotiation Theory: Research and Assessment Roberta Beauty Redding University of Louisiana at Lafayette Professor Philip Auter CMCN 384 March 27, 2011 Face-Negotiation Theory: Research and Assessment Roberta Beauty Redding University of Louisiana at Lafayette Professor Philip Auter CMCN 384 March 27, 2011 Face-Negotiation Theory: Research and AssessmentRead MoreConflict Resolution at General Hospital1081 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Conflict Resolution at General Hospital† Christy D. Harris Dr. Jack Huddleston, Professor BUS520: Leadership and Organizational Behavior August 20, 2011 Discuss the conflict that is occurring at General Hospital. The conflict that is occurring at General Hospital is simply a case of making the right financial decisions and man vs. computer. What I mean by that is, in trying to make cost effective decisions on how to cut back on expenses theyRead MoreConflict Management1469 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Management Conflict Management Yamil Little Strayer University BUS520 Dr. Anthony Hughes 02/27/11 Conflict Management Introduction In today’s ever-changing business environment organizations encounter varying levels of intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflicts. Intrapersonal conflict is a battle within oneself, which usually involves a life goal and/or change. 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Effects of Enzyme Free Essays

Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Biology Introduction In order to understand the activity of enzymes at different temperatures the ability of the enzyme to function can be measured. This is important in many applications such as Polymerase Chain Reaction for forensics as well as genetics research where manipulation of temperature-dependent enzymes allows for replication of DNA segments. Bennett states, â€Å"when the energy – measured as heat – increases in a chemical reaction the energy increases the reaction speed and reaction rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Enzyme or any similar topic only for you Order Now (1969) This happens until a threshold though in many biological processes where positive energy input no longer increases reaction speed due to the inhibition of other factors – in this experiment that factor is the degradation or denaturing of the protein complex that is the enzyme working to catalyze the reaction. One would make the hypothesis that for any given enzyme there is a minimum reaction rate which increases with temperature then at a maximum point begins to be less and less efficient as the enzyme form no longer works to catalyze the reactions with its given substrates. Materials and Methods After obtaining five clean test tubes and labeling them in order one through five, each were marked at one centimeter and at four centimeters from the bottom with a permanent marker. Next, the potato juice/catalase extract is added to each tube to the one centimeter mark. The following portion of the experiment was in segments for each tube. Tube one was placed in an ice-bath by adding ice and water in a 250ml beaker. Tube two was placed in the tube rack on the lab bench in a room temperature environment. Tube three was placed in a water bath at 50 degrees celsius, and tube four was set in the 70 degree celsius water bath. Tube five was placed in a boiling water bath of a beaker on the hot plate while wearing goggles for protection. Each tube was then left in the conditional environment for ten minutes. The temperature of the boiling water, room temperature, and ice bath were measured by thermometer. After the ten minutes I used the thermometer to measure the temperatures of the room, ice, and boiling water. Then, after adding water, waited 30 seconds until the foaming in the tube, stopped. The measured the amount of foam was recorded. Results After all the appropriate steps were taken, a table was created and I recorded each temperature that was in the tube and foam height as well. The temperate and the foam height were both recorded to see the resemblance and results concluding the temperature effect on enzymes. An example of my results are recreated as seen below (numbers and titles are accurate and the same as lab test) As shown in the table A, temperature and foam height is represented by different color lines on the graph. The purple line, represents temperature. The blue line represents foam height (mm). As the temperature rose, the heigh of the foam decreased. This did not support my hypothesis. My hypothesis clearly stated,† If the temperature is really high, then the foam will rise highly. 50 degrees will be have the most amount of foam. † This hypothesis was not supported because the highest amount of foam was found at 0 degrees. The enzymes reached optimum temperature, and then denaturing took place. In comparison to another lab, the same results occurred. Campbell Neil from students. cis stated, â€Å"The higher the concentration of substrate, the faster the reaction rate. † This made my hypothesis invalid. Discussion Although my hypothesis was not correct, the lab results agree with previous literature on the effects of temperature on enzyme activity. According to Susan Gilbert, â€Å"Enzymes are sensitive to their environmental conditions. Up to a point, the rate of the reaction will increase as a function of temperature because the substrates will collide more frequently with the enzyme active site. At extremes of pH or temperature, either high or low, the native structure of the enzyme will be compromised, and the molecule will become inactive†(2009). Enzymes are very sensitive and do the opposite of what most chemical reactions in this case. According to the Worthington Biochemical Corporation, â€Å"A ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%† (2012). This furthers the conclusion that when the temperature rose the foam height decreased and the reaction was less intense. Table A. Bibliography Bennett. 1969. Modern Topic in Biochemistry 43-45 Campbell, N. 2002. Biology, 6th ed. : Enzymes 300-340 Cummings. 1998. Biology in the Laboratory: Temperature and enzymes. 1-9, 10-20 Gilbert, S. 2002. â€Å"Enzymes. † Biology Vol. 2. 3-9 ———————– [pic] How to cite Effects of Enzyme, Papers

Effects of Enzyme Free Essays

Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Biology Introduction In order to understand the activity of enzymes at different temperatures the ability of the enzyme to function can be measured. This is important in many applications such as Polymerase Chain Reaction for forensics as well as genetics research where manipulation of temperature-dependent enzymes allows for replication of DNA segments. Bennett states, â€Å"when the energy – measured as heat – increases in a chemical reaction the energy increases the reaction speed and reaction rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Enzyme or any similar topic only for you Order Now (1969) This happens until a threshold though in many biological processes where positive energy input no longer increases reaction speed due to the inhibition of other factors – in this experiment that factor is the degradation or denaturing of the protein complex that is the enzyme working to catalyze the reaction. One would make the hypothesis that for any given enzyme there is a minimum reaction rate which increases with temperature then at a maximum point begins to be less and less efficient as the enzyme form no longer works to catalyze the reactions with its given substrates. Materials and Methods After obtaining five clean test tubes and labeling them in order one through five, each were marked at one centimeter and at four centimeters from the bottom with a permanent marker. Next, the potato juice/catalase extract is added to each tube to the one centimeter mark. The following portion of the experiment was in segments for each tube. Tube one was placed in an ice-bath by adding ice and water in a 250ml beaker. Tube two was placed in the tube rack on the lab bench in a room temperature environment. Tube three was placed in a water bath at 50 degrees celsius, and tube four was set in the 70 degree celsius water bath. Tube five was placed in a boiling water bath of a beaker on the hot plate while wearing goggles for protection. Each tube was then left in the conditional environment for ten minutes. The temperature of the boiling water, room temperature, and ice bath were measured by thermometer. After the ten minutes I used the thermometer to measure the temperatures of the room, ice, and boiling water. Then, after adding water, waited 30 seconds until the foaming in the tube, stopped. The measured the amount of foam was recorded. Results After all the appropriate steps were taken, a table was created and I recorded each temperature that was in the tube and foam height as well. The temperate and the foam height were both recorded to see the resemblance and results concluding the temperature effect on enzymes. An example of my results are recreated as seen below (numbers and titles are accurate and the same as lab test) As shown in the table A, temperature and foam height is represented by different color lines on the graph. The purple line, represents temperature. The blue line represents foam height (mm). As the temperature rose, the heigh of the foam decreased. This did not support my hypothesis. My hypothesis clearly stated,† If the temperature is really high, then the foam will rise highly. 50 degrees will be have the most amount of foam. † This hypothesis was not supported because the highest amount of foam was found at 0 degrees. The enzymes reached optimum temperature, and then denaturing took place. In comparison to another lab, the same results occurred. Campbell Neil from students. cis stated, â€Å"The higher the concentration of substrate, the faster the reaction rate. † This made my hypothesis invalid. Discussion Although my hypothesis was not correct, the lab results agree with previous literature on the effects of temperature on enzyme activity. According to Susan Gilbert, â€Å"Enzymes are sensitive to their environmental conditions. Up to a point, the rate of the reaction will increase as a function of temperature because the substrates will collide more frequently with the enzyme active site. At extremes of pH or temperature, either high or low, the native structure of the enzyme will be compromised, and the molecule will become inactive†(2009). Enzymes are very sensitive and do the opposite of what most chemical reactions in this case. According to the Worthington Biochemical Corporation, â€Å"A ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%† (2012). This furthers the conclusion that when the temperature rose the foam height decreased and the reaction was less intense. Table A. Bibliography Bennett. 1969. Modern Topic in Biochemistry 43-45 Campbell, N. 2002. Biology, 6th ed. : Enzymes 300-340 Cummings. 1998. Biology in the Laboratory: Temperature and enzymes. 1-9, 10-20 Gilbert, S. 2002. â€Å"Enzymes. † Biology Vol. 2. 3-9 ———————– [pic] How to cite Effects of Enzyme, Papers

Company Law In The Commonwealth Caribbean -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Company Law In The Commonwealth Caribbean? Answer: Introduation A company once incorporated is an artificial person in law. When any company is formed in Australia, then, it gains the status of an artificial legal person who is a separate legal person in law and is construed as separate from its officers and owners. This characteristic of operations legal entity is analyzed in Salomon vASalomonand Co Ltd [1897]. (Rambarran Mangal, 1995) Once a company is registered then there are various characteristics that are associated with it. Some of the characteristics are that it has its own separate personality, that is, the acts of the company are carried out in its own name and the directors and shareholders are not accountable for the same. Apart from the abive, some of the other characteristics of a registered company are; (Tomasic et al, 2002) The liability of the company is limited unless the company is an unlimited liability company (Lee v Lee's Air Farming Ltd[1960]); There are various tax advantages; There is perpetual succession and a company never dies. It is easy to raise capital. The shares of the company can be transferred easily. But, how to gain this separate lawful position? In order to convert a business in the form of a company there are few statutory guidelines that needs to be comply with. The same are submitted herein below: (ASIC, 2017) The types of the company - The first step is to select the kind of company that a person intends to operate. There are various kinds of companies that can be operated in Australia. The same are: (James, 2008) Limited liability company The liability of the owner/shareholders is only up to the value of the shares hold by them; Unlimited liability companies are those where the liability is not limited; Companies limited by guarantee; For mining and resource companies, the no liability companies are registered; Public companies Apart from above, some of the other kinds of companies that can also be registered are Special purpose companies; not for profit companies; Limited liability companies. The company name It is then important that a company name must be selected. It is very important to select the company name which is not same with any oher names of the companies. However, even if the name is identical but in some cases the name is still registrable if: Where the name is holed by an individual and he is the proposed member or director of the company; Where the name holder is a company and the such company is the proposed member When the holder of the name is partnership or joint venture and every partner is the proposed member or director. Further if the name of the company includes words such as Bank, royal, trust, incorporated, then it is necessary that the prior approval of the government must be sought. But, if any name would mislead people regarding the company activities or includes words that resemble its association with the government of Australia, any Royal family or any ex-servicemen's organizations, then such names are prohibited. Any names which are illegal or offensive are also prohibited. Management of the company The next step is to decide as how the management of the company will be carried out. There are three options: By replaceable rules There is no requirement of written constitution if the company decides to operate by way of rules. By constitution a company can form a written document wherein the rules are written in a formal document. By both A company can comply with its internal governance with the help of both the replaceable rules and the constitution. Share details every proprietary company is require to have minimum fifty non-employees shareholders. Now, a proprietary company can be operated in two manners: Limited by shares when the obligation of the shareholders is only up to their share value. Unlimited company with share capital the liability of the shareholders is unlimited in nature. Obligations as an officeholder Every officeholder must analyze his obligations which includes, that the details of the company must be kept up to date, that the records must be maintained, fees must be paid, Obtain various consents Written consents are required from the directors, secretary and the members prior appointing them at their respective positions. A director and secretary must be 18 years of age and it is compulsory that one secretary or director must ordinary resides in Australia. also, every member must have at least one member. Selection of registered office there is a need of a office by every company. If the office is not possessed/owned by the company then it is necessary that written permission is required from the owner of the property where the registered office of the company is situated. Application with ASIC and application fee Form 201 must be submitted with ASIC along with fees for the incorporation of the company. The effect of incorporation As soon as a company is incorporate, the effect of the incorporation are: ACN number is acquired by the company; The company registration certificate is received. Corporate key is received. Ongoing requirements Once a company is registered it is necessary to make sure That: the name of the company is displayed wherein the business is conducted and is open to public; the ACN is displayed on all company documents; The details of the company are always up to date. Application of law It is thus submitted that Richard and his sons must follow the steps that are specified above in order to register their company and upon registration they can avail the benefits that are attributed to a registered company. Now, the name RIDALI can be kept by Richard and his sons as the name is not similar with any other company nor its is illegal, offensive or is prohibited. However, the name RICHS GURANTEE OLIVES gives a misconception regarding the guarantee of olives and thus can be misleading. A company once incorporated is an artificial person in law. A business legal entity signifies that the company is distinctive in the eyes of law and cannot be associated with its directors and officers. A company is unique and the acts that are pursued by the officers/directors/employees are on behalf of the company. (Rambarran Mangal, 1995) But there are situations wherein the tasks that are undertaken by the officers/directors/employees are construed to be their own and not carried on behalf of the company. This phenomenon is called piercing the corporate veil of the company. Normally, in case of subsidiary company, the acts of the subsidiary are considered to be the acts of the holding company provided there are any of the three situations: (Ramsay Noakes, 2001), If the subsidiary company is involved in the action of a tortuous liability In CSR Ltd v Wren (1997) 44 NSWLR 463, the CSR Ltd was the parent company of APL and CSR was held liable for the negligent actions of the APL because APL failed to make the workplace safe resulting in suffering of one of the employees of APL with asbestos-caused mesothelioma. It was held that CSR is liable for the acts of the APL as there is proximity amid CSR and APL and CSR can reasonability foresee the damages that is incurred by the employee of APL. In CSR v Young, (1998), the court held that the parent company has a duty of care towards its subsidiaries employees children. CSR failed to take proper precaution while distributing and manufacturing asbestos resulting in loss to the children of the employee of its subsidiary and was thus held negligent. When the subsidiary is construed to be the holding companys implied agent In Stone and Knight v Birmingham Corporation (1939), the subsidiary of the plaintiff carry out the business of the plaintiff holding company. The plaintiff beneficially holds the subsidiary and run the day to day activities of the subsidiaries. The profits of the subsidiary are held by the holding company. The court held that considering the situation, the subsidiary is nothing but is an implied agent of the holding and the work of the subsidiary must be honored by the holding company. When the creation of the subsidiary is to hide the true intention and is an act of sham or faade In Dennis Willcox Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1988), it was held that when the subsidiary is created by the parent company in order to incur sham then it the veil of the holding and subsidiary is pierced and they are regarded as one. Sham and Faade When the group is created so as to conceal the actual intention of the organizer then it is an action of facade and it was held by the courts that the veil of such corporate groups must be pierced in order to bring justice. When the establishment of the company is nothing but an act of fraud then the veil is pierced (Sharrment Pty Ltd v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (1988). But in Peate v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1964), it was held that of the company is incorporated properly by complying with all statutory compliances then the incorporation of the company cannot be regarded as an act of sham. Further, an aggrieved employee can take Statutory derivative action (SDA) action against the holding company if the company itself is not taking any action alginate its own wrong. As per section 236 of the corporation Act 2001, any member or officer of former officer or member of the company (as per section 82 A of the Act, an employee is considered as an officer), can make an application for SDA under section 237 if it can satisfy the court that the company will not take any action against the wrong so committed and the applicant is acting honestly and the application must be approved in the companys best interest and is a serious matter to be tried (Westgold Resources NL v Precious Metals Australia Ltd [2002]). Once SDA is undertaken then if the court thinks appropriate then the company at default can be would up. (Melissa Hofmann, 2005) Conclusion It is submitted that Terry is the employee of CMS and CMS is the subsidiary of CM. loss is caused to Terry because of the actions of CMS. It is submitted that all the equipments and actions of CMS is controlled by CM. thus, CMS is acting as an implied agent of CM. thus, the acts of CMS will fall upon CM (Stone and Knight v Birmingham Corporation (1939). Also, CM will ne held liable for the negligent actions of CMS (CSR v Young, (1998). So, Terry can sue CM for the negligent actions of CMS. Also, Terry can sue Lazarus Pty Ltd as this company is formulated by CMS in order to protect from the liabilities that might arose because its negligent actions. Thus, the creation of Lazarus Pty Ltd is to incur fraud or sham (Sharrment Pty Ltd). Further, since CMS has indulged in a wrongful action and there are chances that it will not bring any action against its own wring. Thus, Terry being the employee and officer of the company is authorized to bring SDA action against CMA under section 236 and ection237 of the Act. if the acts of CMS were found to be in compliance with section 237 of the Act, then, CMS can be wound up, Reference list Melissa Hofmann (2005) The Statutory Derivative Action in Australia: An Empirical Review of its Use and Effectiveness in Australia in Comparison to the United States, Canada and Singapore. Bond University. Rambarran Mangal, (1995) An Introduction to business Law in the Commonwealth Caribbean, Canoe Press, University of the West Indies. Ramsay Noakes (2001) Piercing the Corporate Veil in Australia. 19 Company and Securities Law Journal 250-271 Tomasic et al. (2002) Corporations Law in Australia, Federation Press. CSR Ltd v Wren (1997) 44 NSWLR 463. CSR v Young, (1998). Dennis Willcox Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation law (1988) 79 ALR 267. Lee v Lee's Air Farming Ltd[1960] UKPC 33 Salomon vASalomonand Co Ltd [1897] AC 22. Peate v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1964) 111 CLR 443. Sharrment Pty Ltd v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (1988) 82 ALR 530. Stone and Knight v Birmingham Corporation (1939). Westgold Resources NL v Precious Metals Australia Ltd [2002] WASC 221. ASIC (2017) Steps to register a company (Online). Available at: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/registering-a-company/steps-to-register-a-company/. Accessed on 5th October 2017.

Harley Davidson Inc. 2008 Thriving Through a Recession, Case 16 Essay Example

Harley Davidson Inc. 2008: Thriving Through a Recession, Case 16 Paper Harley Davidson Inc. 2008: Thriving Through a Recession, Case 16 Mgmt 479A, Week 3 Dropbox 1 November 13, 2011 Synopsis: Harley-Davidson is a 105 year old motorcycle manufacturer. William Harley and Arthur Davidson decided to design and build a motorcycle in 1901. By 1903, they had built and sold three motorcycles and in 1907, the Harley-Davidson Motor Company became incorporated. The company was acquired by AMF Inc in 1969, but the main focus was on short-term profits which inevitably sent consumers elsewhere and in 1981, Vaughn Beals lead a leveraged buyout to get Harley-Davidson out from under AMF. Under new management, the focus changed towards production and consumers. The research and development department picked up momentum and during the early 1990’s they decided to invest in Buell Motorcycle Company providing them entry into sport/performance motorcycle market. By 1996, the company decided to gear all of its attention to the motorcycle business. This meant eliminating the Transportation Vehicles segment which sold for about $105 million. 1997 brought significant changes internally and the launch of new products with the help of an intense procurement expert named Garry Berryman. James L. Ziemer worked for Harley-Davidson for 38 years before replacing CEO Jeffrey Bluestine when he retired in 2005. The Harley-Davidson name had been finding itself in places like Forbes â€Å"Company of the Year† and ranking on Business Week/Interbrand Annual Rankings Top 100 Global brands and on Fortune’s list for â€Å"Most Admired Companies. † By 2008, the recession was playing it toll and raising question about what was in store for the Harley-Davidson Company. Resources: Brand Name: Harley-DavidsonSuppliers International dealershipsFinancial Capital Buell Motorcycle CompanyManufacturing Locations H. O. G. BRAGE-Commerce We will write a custom essay sample on Harley Davidson Inc. 2008: Thriving Through a Recession, Case 16 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Harley Davidson Inc. 2008: Thriving Through a Recession, Case 16 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Harley Davidson Inc. 2008: Thriving Through a Recession, Case 16 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Financial Services: HDFSJane Magazine Raw materialsInnovation: CAD System, MAN System Talented Managers: Ziemer, Berryman, Bluestine Human Resources: skilled employees, union non-union workforce, board of directors Technological Resources: patents, trademarks, trade name Capabilities RecruitingResearch Development Manufacturing MotorcyclesMotorcycling Lifestyle Marketing DistributionRider Training Safety Precise production schedulesStrategic Management Strategic Alliance Core Competencies Strategic AlliancesResearch Development Manufacturing MotorcyclesBrand Name H. O. G. ClubMotorcycling Lifestyle Rider Training SafetyPatents, Trademarks, Trade Names Financial Services: HDFS Finding of Fact #1: Harley-Davidson’s core customer base is shifting as the baby boomer population is aging. Recommendation/Justification: In 2006, the average age for purchasing a Harley-Davidson was about 47 years old with a median household income of $82,100. Of those purchased, 88% were made by men, while only 12% were purchased by women. Buell was off to a good start in 2000, by producing the Buell Blast because it was not only considerably smaller, it was more light weight in comparison to the traditional heavyweight models and it was less expensive. Statistics were showing the median age on this bike purchase was around 38 years old and 50% were purchased by females. Focus is turning to smaller segments for women and younger generations. I think these statistics could send Harley-Davidson down the right path. More time and money need to be put into research and development to figure out, not necessarily what females want, but what they physically need in order to have a safe and exciting ride. My co-worker and her husband purchased a Harley a few years ago and shortly afterward, she decided to get her motorcycle license. She never drove it however because the motorcycle was physically too heavy for her to operate. I believe Harley-Davidson needs to make more of a marketing effort to appeal to 20 something generation as well. In my opinion, Harley-Davidson has focused so much on appealing to the baby boom generation that it has become somewhat of a stigma. I associate Harley-Davidson with older men going through a mid-life crisis. One way would be to focus on social networking. Social networking sites like Facebook is a valuable way to advertise and reach consumers in a younger age group. There is no faster way to reach this generation then by asking them what they want. More and more sites are asking for participation in short surveys in exchange for being entered into a drawing. I also think their Rider’s Edge program should be geared specifically for different segments instead of lumping all riders into one rookie category. As a woman in my 30’s, I know I do not want to be taking a rider training and safety class with young males who have need for speed on the brain. I would rather be in a class with persons who understand my concerns for being safe on the roadway. Implementation: Harley-Davidson would need to start with the Strategic Management Model. They should be evaluating current results and I think the Blast is a good base model for statistics. Complete an environmental scan to determine all possible opportunities for developing the next generation of Harley’s not just female and younger persons and determine the competition in this market to address possible threats. Why do the younger people prefer crotch rockets? Determine the strengths and weaknesses internally and analyze SWOT factors. I would also survey the employees. Find out what they think it would take to get their son or daughter to purchase a motorcycle. What changes would they like to see to encourage drivers from a new generation? Finding of Fact #2: Harley-Davidson motorcycles are considered a recreational item or a deferred purchase. Ziemer made a comment regarding the recession, â€Å"recession-resistant, not recession-proof. † Recommendation/Justification: As United States currency weakens, it may be important to focus on countries where currency is more valuable. Foreign operations can provide significant investment capital. I was surprised that only 27% of revenue came from foreign markets and I was just as surprised that India was not in the list of foreign operations. Other countries use motorcycles as a form of transportation, not because they are fun, but because they are simpler when negotiating in traffic and motorcycles have better gas mileage. I had applied for a job position in Bermuda a few years ago and while doing my research on lifestyles and living conditions, it was strongly advised to purchase a motorcycle for transportation. With the recession and the cost of fuel rising, all vehicle manufacturers are struggling for a way to become more appealing in the marketplace. I think using these marketing strategies for motorcycles should not be underutilized. It is a matter of changing the way consumers view motorcycles. They do not have to be seen for merely recreation. Show consumers they are more environmentally friendly and many will jump on the band wagon. Implementation: I think this finding of fact is primarily a marketing issue for foreign markets and in the United States. Because the text was unclear about what is currently being done in foreign markets, I would choose now as the time to explore the marketing potential. Who is the biggest competitor in these markets and what do we need to do gain the competitive advantage? I would also start exploring entry barriers for India and perform a cost benefit analysis. In the United States I think Harley-Davidson needs to utilize a market development strategy for developing new uses for its current designs. I would find ways to incorporate the green movement and associate them with the motorcycles. I would use the rising gas prices as an advantage to promote MPG. I would research reasons why owning a motorcycle can save money and do a comparison to a car. I would focus on target groups. College students for example, need inexpensive transportation, ability to negotiate around college campuses and need to combat parking issues. What better way to solve all those problems then to buy a motorcycle. This not only changes the way consumers view the product it also reaches into markets outside of the baby boomer genre and address issues from finding of fact #1. Finding of Fact #3: BRAG was created over 10 years ago, but the 2007 profile only indicates 11,000 members. Development and marketing in this area is neglected. Recommendation/Justification: In the opening of the case, it states â€Å"It was a pretty amazing sight, dozens at a time, thousands in a day† to describe the thousands of Harley-Davidson bikers from all walks of life who come together for the love of the ride. When H. O. G. organization began in 1983, there were 33,000 members. This makes me question why BRAG membership is trailing so far behind. Included in Buell’s mission, it says Buell wants to provide its owners with an experience that is not provided by any other brand. Why hold a membership with BRAG if there is not much being offered? I think Buell Motorcycle Company is missing out on a very important opportunity to provide their owners that unique experience. Harley-Davidson invested in Buell specifically to gain entry into sport/performance niches that they had not previously had. With the question being raised now more than ever about how to penetrate the younger targeted groups, BRAG may be the ticket to promote such an idea. As Harley did, why not include one year membership with the purchase of every motorcycle? That is one way to get memberships up, but plans need to be made to keep it that way. Sturgis is a rally for Harley enthusiasts but there are many â€Å"motorcycle† rallies around the globe. Take annual bike week in Myrtle Beach, come to find out there are actually two because different cultures ride different bikes. The first week is the traditional bike week and then there is a second one for enthusiasts who prefer performance. Implementation: I would start with research on why the sport/performance market is four times larger in the European market than in the United States. I would also be going to Myrtle Beach during performance week and find out what enthusiasts are looking for. How can we make Buell the star of the show? Promote BRAG memberships and begin bigger, better rallies for Buell owners; get them excited about the brand. 11,000 members are not good enough; this is a large marketing opportunity. I feel like a strategic plan should have already have been put into motion. They want to penetrate the young and female population but there has not been much effort put forth. Here is an interesting thought. What if Harley-Davidson used Buell as a tool to condition entry riders and prepare them for the Harley experience as they age? Perhaps it is better to leave Harley-Davidson just the way it is because our tastes do change as we get older. We already know half of Buell Blast purchases were from first time buyers and women. BRAG could be marketed on different levels. Buell could be the key to getting people excited about riding and Harley could be where the pros go.

Failure of Saint Francis Dam essays

Failure of Saint Francis Dam essays The city of Los Angeles needed a bigger water supply to provide water incase of drought or interruption of the current aqueduct. Construction of the Saint Francis Dam started in 1924 right outside of Los Angeles. Chief Engineer of the Los Angeles Department of Power and Water, Mr. William Mulholland, was in charge of every aspect of the design and construction of the dam. The St. Francis Dam was designed to be 175 feet tall and to hold back a reservoir of 30,000 acre-feet. Right after construction began in 1924, Mulholland decided to raise the dam 10 feet and increase the capacity of the reservoir to 32,000 acre-feet. In July of 1925 when the dam was about halfway completed, Mulholland again decided to raise the dam another 10 feet to a total height of 195 feet with a new capacity of 38,170 acre-feet. After construction of the dam, leaks were detected, Mulholland neglected these leaks and considered the dam to be safe. The day of the collapse Mulholland was asked to inspect ne w found cracks, found by the dam keeper Tony Harnischfeger. Mulholland considered the dam to still be safe. A moment before midnight on March 12, 1928 the St. Francis Dam collapsed. The twelve billion gallons of water rushed out from behind the dam in the form of a wave seventy eight feet tall destroying twelve thousand homes, eight thousand acres of farmland, and killed in excess of 450 people on its way to the Pacific Ocean. The total damage is estimated at fifteen million dollars. Mulholland made several catastrophic decisions in the design and construction of the Dam. The base of the dam was not widened to compensate for the additional water storage the city had required of it. There were no contraction joints, which allow concrete to crack in a controlled manner when it cools. No drainage galleries, tunnels that run through a structure to allow inspection for cracks and leaks. These galleri ...

Source evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Source evaluation - Essay Example As seen in this crowdsourcing article, collaboration and online organisation is the main objective of this project. Over and above, the theme of internet collaboration and organisation is vivid in all the chapters in the book. This book source is therefore, reliable and useful to students and researchers (Pallof, & Pratt 43). This is because it highlights the basis of learning community via the internet, innovativeness and critical thinking skills it fosters to the internet users. â€Å"The online environment can be a lonely place. Students and faculty alike report feelings of isolation when working online. The benefits of taking or teaching an online class - being able to connect any time and any place, from one’s bedroom in pajamas and bunny slippers or from a library or computer lab – also can be a detriment of sorts given that, for the most part, the people with whom one is interacting are represented by worlds on a screen.† (Pallof, & Pratt, 32) This is an easy to read book where the author, Pallof, & Pratt have taken their ample time to showcase their vivid thoughts and reflection towards online collaboration. They clearly indicate that collaboration and internet organization is the backbone of the media in the present day. The fact that the book highlights the process of media embracing the digital technology in a means to spread out their audiences is a clear sign of contemporary/modern networking and collaborative development. In reference to Pallof, & Pratt (2005), focus is put on using technical and internet related channels to bring people together for their own success. As seen in the book, the authors Pallof, & Pratt (2005), have managed to fill the gap in the internet world by spreading out to digital channels of communication that targets the old internet users and further brings about new internet users for collaborative purpose: The ways in which

Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Forensics - Essay Example From a humble beginning during the 19th Century without much data support to prove its credibility and usefulness, it has now evolved as an empirical and objective science on its own merits and rights. Over the years, it was discovered, perhaps by accident, way back in 1868, by a Swiss biologist called Friedrich Meischer when he was differentiating nucleus properties in pus cells. Since then, DNA profiling has come a long way and has been used to provide due judicial process of justice in many criminal and non criminal cases. Alec Jeffreys and colleagues researching DNA fingerprinting at the University of Leicester arrived at certain startling facts (at that period of history) regarding the fact that â€Å"individual differences in based on repeat sequences in DNA.† Do occur that could help in criminal investigation. (Johnson & Williams, 2006). Further it was also seen that â€Å"The possibility of deriving DNA from the ‘abandoned property’ of criminal suspects left at crime scene generated huge interest amongst police investigators.† and could even assist result in cracking major criminal cases, where the perpetrators could remain at large due to lack of incriminating evidence against them. (Johnson & Williams, 2006, para.18). Since then, there have been many improvements in determining the speed, efficacy and conclusiveness of DNA profiling and its impact upon society as a composite and complete science. Over time dedicated DNA Scientific Research Centers have also been operationalised to aid and abet solving of social and criminal issues through the deployment of DNA profiling. These efforts have also met with a reasonable degree of success such that DNA fingerprinting has now come to represent a major scientific and anti-criminal breakthrough in recent times. DNA tests have also proved conclusive evidence in absolving innocent suspects who were languishing in jail accused on

Corporate Social Responsibility In British Airways Management Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility In British Airways Management Essay Introduction This assignment concerns with an examination of business ethics in British Airways (BA) and in particular an event that happened in August, 2005, with it catering contractor, Gate Gourmet. The objectives of this assignment are; To examine BAs approach towards CSR. To find out whether Gate Gourmet employees are part of BAs stakeholders. To explain the negative outcomes. To explore ethical issues involved in the particular of outsourcing. The objective of this assignment will be achieved by using the theories, concepts of business ethics. This assignment discuss about a number of interesting conclusions on how BA handles CSR and the particular problem with Gate Gourmet. (2.1) Introduction about British Airways (BA) The British Airways group consists of British Airways plc and a number of subsidiary companies including British Airways Holidays Limited. British Airways is one of the worlds leading airlines with a network that provides passenger and freight services to 149 destinations in 72 countries.   In 2004/05, British Airways carried over 35 million passengers and nearly 900,000 tonnes of cargo.   Its airline network is centred on the United Kingdom, where 85% of its 47,500 workforce is based. The main activities of British Airways Plc and its subsidiary undertakings are the operation of international and domestic scheduled air services for the carriage of passengers, freight and mail and the provision of ancillary services. British Airways airline network generates economic value by meeting the demand for business travel, by offering vital arteries for trade and investment, as well as providing leisure travel opportunities for individuals and families. There vision is to become the worlds most responsible airline and they have recognized that this is best achieved by ensuring their flying activity is sustainable. They have developed a series of strategic goals and plans to deliver that vision. There are several reasons why British Airways chose to engage in CSR.   The first is because it is a tool to help achieve the companys long term strategic goals in providing growth opportunities around Heathrow airport.   Secondly, improving business efficiency and reducing costs through waste and energy programmes provided a strong business case for CSR.   The company also thought CSR could help them with risk management by identifying risks to health, safety and environment that could hinder its opportunity to attract investors and grow the business.   Lastly, it recognised that it needed to act to enhance its corporate reputation, and customer feedback (both corporate and from the general public) revealed that they expected British Airways to do the right thing. Its approach has also been influenced by the recognition that airlines generate major social and economic benefits, but also have significant impacts on the environment (for example, through noise and air quality) and on communities around airports. In developing its Climate Change Programme, British Airways has had to overcome several challenges, some of which still remain.   The political environment in which the company operates harbours many different views on climate change and there are different levels of awareness surrounding the topic.   This means that airlines take different views, as do governments.   In the UK the government (through its White Paper on aviation) has made it clear that expanding the aviation industry will mean that the industry has to deal with environmental issues.   However, the governments of many European countries have not gone through such detailed consultation and analysis and may not have such clarity on the issue.   Another challenge to the company was the cost implication of taking action when others within the industry were not Ref: www.britishairways.com 2.2. Triple Bottom Line Concept (TBL) Triple bottom line was introduced by Elkington in 1999. Triple bottom line is a unique approach to community development that integrates environmental stewardship, sustainable development and social justice.  The triple bottom line is made up of social, economic and environmental the people, planet, profit phrase was coined for shell by sustainability. Triple Bottom Line efforts are as varied as the organizations and communities in our state wide network. This approach is flexible and innovative, creating new economies that protect, enhance and restore natural, cultural, historic and community resources. The Triple Bottom Line standards for: Economic (Profit). Social (People). Environment (Planet). Economic (Profit) This is more about making a honest profit than raking a profit at any cost it must be made in harmony with the other two principles of People and Planet. While many major corporations used to sneer at the idea of a Triple Bottom Line reporting system. With a positive flow on effect to their suppliers. Because supply chains are also accountable to the overall impact of a company. A narrow concept of economic sustainability focuses on the economic performance of the corporation itself: the responsibility of management is develop, produce and market those products that secure long-term economic performance for the company. This includes a focus on strategies that lead to a long term rise in share price, revenues and market share rather than short term explosions of profits at the expense of long term viability. Social (People) This is also known as Human Capital. It really just means treating your employees right, but furthermore also the community where your business operates. In this part of the Triple Bottom Line model, business not only ensures a fair days work for a fair days pay; but also plods back some of its gains into the surrounding community through sponsorships, donation or projects that go towards the common good. The key issue in the social perspective of sustainability is that of social justice .Despite the impressive advances in standards of living that many of us have enjoyed; there are growing disparities of income and wealth within many countries. In a more just an equitable world, living standards will lead to more economic prosperity. Environment (Planet) This is Natural Capital. A business will strive to minimize its ecological impact in all areas from sourcing raw materials, to production processes, to shipping and administration. Its a cradle to grave approach and in some cases cradle to cradle i.e. taking some responsibility for goods after theyve been sold for example, offering a recycling or take back program. The importance of Triple Bottom Line reports are: Economic gains: Jobs created, Small businesses started or expanded, environmentally responsible industries engaged, Poverty reduced or alleviated. Social improvements: people of collar or low-wealth engaged; educational systems improved; racism dismantled; power shared. Environmental stewardship: land/water resources protected; working lands locally-owned; water quality improved; native plants and herbs propagated. 2.3. Economic responsibilities of BA. Aviation must be perfection within the overall climate framework with open access to cost-effective market-based instruments including carbon trading, Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) credits and potentially credits from Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries. British Airways is playing a leading role within the aviation industry in developing and promoting proactive solutions for post-Kyoto aviation policy, through the International Air Transport Association (IATA), Association of European Airlines (AEA) and a dedicated group of companies called Aviation Global Deal (AGD).The AGD proposal is a sector-wide policy based on carbon trading that requires all airlines to participate on an equal basis. Carbon allowances are allocated in part by auctioning, with the resulting revenue being collected by a UN body and directed to specific environmental projects in developing countries. In this way the proposal meets both the competitiveness and common but differentiated responsibilities (whereby developed countries agree to take the lead on addressing climate change) principles. 2.4. Social responsibilities of BA. British Airways offer support in the form of funding, free flights, excess baggage, merchandise, cargo space and fundraising events. Our priorities for support are Education  and  Youth  Development, Supporting our Colleagues, Environment, Sustainable Tourism and Heritage. The Community and Conservation started in 1984; they provide these projects in and around the world. Many of BA staffs are involved in Charity work in and abroad as the part of the management they support their staffs in their charitable work. Few charity services mentioned below. 1) The BA community volunteering awards. 2) BA giving scheme. 3) BA fun runs for Cancer research UK. 4) Action for street children volunteer programme. Change for Good is promoted by onboard announcements and the showing of an onboard video. There are  nearly 2,400 British  Airways cabin crew members who co-ordinate the onboard collections from our customers. There are also collection points across British  Airways offices so our colleagues can also donate to the programme. E.g.: UNICEF. 2.5. Environment responsibilities of BA. BA was the first airline to report to the Environmental performance. This can be called one of the strategies of BA. They help in minimizing the cost travel more effectively. They minimize their impact through the latest technology including airframes, engines and alternative fuels.To achieve this strategy they have developed a Comprehensive programme, Climate change there overall strategy is to ensure we fully contribute our share of global carbon dioxide emission reductions by 2050 Waste there focus on reducing, reusing, recycling and responsible disposal of there waste Noise reducing our impact on local communities around the airports they serve. Air quality improving air quality for communitys around the air ports they serve. (2.6) Conclusion British Airways use the approach of CSR They truly believes now they have all the vital elements in place to deliver their overall vision of becoming the worlds most responsible airline. Ref: www.britishairways.com BAs approach towards corporate social responsibility using Triple Bottom Line. Triple bottom line was introduced by Elkington in 1999. According to him TBL represents the idea that business does not have just one single goal-namely adding economic value but that it has a extended goal set which necessitates adding environmental and social value too. To understand the components of sustainability which represents its necessary for to us to examine them separately. The components are divided into three. Economic. Social. Environmental. ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE When there was a dispute between Gate Gourmets and BAs there were 100,000 passengers Whose flights were cancelled they suffered because the tickets which the passenger purchased were not reimbursed nor transferred to the other flights. The strike had cost almost  £50 million which brought disturbance to more than 100,000 passengers. Thousands of employees who went on strike which caused disturbance to the passengers as the flights were cancelled. This was the season where the BA went on tremendous loss and decided to hire unofficial labour. As this strike went on the middle of the summer season were in there were lot of passengers who had to travel back home and were N number of visitors coming in ,this also could be a reason for BA to go under Bankrupt. The employees were aware of the situation and they had a upper hand to the situation. There were few Employees who even argued We have a very hardworking and professional workforce, the current situation is very much an exception to that rule. And the restructuring plan resulted in thousands of job losses. But the restructuring undoubtedly led to financial success. However, they have to still work on full loyalty of its employees to match its renewed financial success. SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE British Airways offer support in the form of funding, free flights, excess baggage, merchandise, cargo space and fundraising events. Our priorities for support are The Community and Conservation started in 1984; they provide these projects in and around the world.Many of BA staffs are involved in Charity work in and abroad as the part of the management they support their staffs in their charitable work. Few charity services mentioned below. 1) The BA community volunteering awards. 2) BA giving scheme. 3) BA fun runs for Cancer research UK. 4) Action for street children volunteer programme. Change for Good is promoted by onboard announcements and the showing of an onboard video. There are  nearly 2,400 British  Airways cabin crew members who co-ordinate the onboard collections from our customers. There are also collection points across British  Airways offices so our colleagues can also donate to the programme. E.g.: UNICEF. ENIVORNMENT PERSPECTIVE BA was the first airline to report to the Environmental performance. This can be called one of the strategies of BA. They help in minimizing the cost travel more effectively They minimize their impact through the latest technology including airframes, engines and alternative fuels. To achieve this strategy they have developed Comprehensive programmes: Climate change there overall strategy is to ensure they fully contribute their share of global carbon dioxide emission reductions by 2050. Waste focus on reducing, reusing, recycling and responsible disposal of waste. Noise reducing our impact on local communities around the airports they serve. Air quality improving air quality for communities around the airports they serve. Ref: britishairways.com 3. Explanation about Gate Gourmets is also part of BAs stakeholder? Using Corporate Social responsibility theory. Before we discuss about this matter we should understand the definition of whom the employee is and who the contractor is. Employee is a person who is hired to provide services to a company on a regular basis in exchange for compensation and who does not provide these services as part of an independent business. Contractor is a person or business which provides goods or services to another entity under terms specified in a contract. Unlike an employee, a contractor does not work regularly for a company. Contractors are not a part of company shareholder, how ever it has been argued that contractors are not legitimate shareholders of a client. However, in order to find out whether this is the case; the concept of salience of stakeholders will be used. Stakeholder is a Person, group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organizationHYPERLINK http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.htmls actions, objectives, and policies. Stakeholders are shareholders, customers, creditors, suppliers, employees, government and community of an organization. Gate Gourmet is a food supplier for British Airways. This means they are the stakeholder of BA. Stakeholder plays a vital role for an organization. It is very important to assess stakeholder importance in order to manage these stakeholders. Mitchell et al (1997) suggest there are three key relationship factors likely to determine the importance of stakeholders.It also called Salience of Stakeholder; Power The conceived ability of stakeholder to influence organizational action. Legitimacy Whether the organization conceives the stakeholders actions to be readable, proper or appropriate. Urgency the degree to which stakeholder claims are conceived to call for immediate actions. Ref: britishairways.com Pedro Longart, Lecture hand-outs, 2009 4. Negative outcome of the Strike. There were lot of negative outcomes arises due to this industrial disputes at British Airways (BA).In order to understand this problem we have to analyse about the shareholders. In this dispute Gate Gourmet staff became key players. The negative outcomes of this strike are given below; The British Airways had cancelled over 700 flights and lost an estimated  £30 million as a result. 100,000 passengers had their journeys disrupted. With some delayed for days. It can be concluded BA strike happen because the importance of Gate Gourmet employee became key players. They were not put their attention. Because of that problem was arising. Ref: britishairways.com 5. Ethical Issues involved in the modern practise of outsourcing Ethical issues of involved in modern practice of outsourcing explained by sheffi in 2005 and Emmelhainz and Adams in 1999.Sheffi said that companies should never rely in contractor should either have used more than one creator. Otherwise, the relationship should be closer so that the companies knows more about what contractors is doing. He also explained that some firms, like banks have been criticised for poor customer support from outsourced Indian called centers, also Nike and Gap have been attacked over the sweatshops allegedly operate by some of their suppliers. He said outsourcing an activity does not mean it is no longer a firms problem. Emmelhainz and Adams said as there is a shift towards global supply and competition individual firms appear to be faced with the prospect of an extend chain of responsibility. Once it was perfectly acceptable to argue that the ethics of a firms suppliers, or a firm impact on its competitors, was simply not any of its business, this no longer seems to be the case. Hence, corporation have to take their ethical responsibilities much more broadly. Therefore the supply chain has to be used as a conduct for ethics management and regulations. (Pedro Longart, Lecture hand-outs, 2009)

Of mice and men & An inspector calls Essay

â€Å"Socialism is a philosophy of failure, the creed of ignorance and the gospel of envy, its inherent virtue is the equal sharing of misery†- Winston Churchill Winston Churchill thinks that socialism is a philosophy of failure however John Steinbeck author Of Mice and Men & JB Priestly author of An Inspector Calls would say that capitalism creates the failure in society not socialism. Both authors create a microcosm to show us how society was like at the time. This is called social realism. The two texts show how rich people are quick to take advantage of the poor and the vulnerable. The book of mice of men was written in 1937, by John Steinbeck. This book is set in 1930’s California, Salinas valley also known as south Soledad. It was after the war and after the Wall Street crash this is when everybody lost their jobs and became bankrupt. Everyone moved to South California to look for jobs on ranches to fulfil the â€Å"American dream â€Å"another reason why everyb ody had to move to South California is because of the Dust bowl also known as the Dirty Thirties due to the fact it was during the 1930’s. The dust bowl is a period of ruthless dust storms which affected America’s agriculture and ecology. The dust storms were caused by a long period of drought and years of bad farming techniques that caused such things as soil erosion. The weak soil then travelled majority of the United States leaving a thick fog of dust, the drought and erosion of the Dust Bowl affected 100,000,000 acres (400,000 km2) that centred on the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma and touched adjacent sections of New Mexico, Colorado, and Kansas. In many areas, over 75% of the topsoil was blown away by the end of the 1930s there were severe long-term economic consequences of the Dust Bowl, farmers couldn’t harvest any more crops because the soil was ruined. Counties that had experienced the most considerable levels of erosion saw a greater decline in agricultural land values the per-acre value of farmland decreased by 28% in high-erosion counties and 17% in medium-erosion counties. Furthermore banks failed in the Dust Bowl region with a higher rate of frequency than in the rest of the country, it was har der for farmers to gain access to the credit they needed to buy capital to shift crop production. Consequently Farmers & business owners had to move away because they had no more money. Steinbeck became sensitive towards the people in California. He  wants to help marginalised citizens. Steinbeck created this book to show how reality was to fight against the media. It was a miniature representation of something in this case 1930s California, his book was based on social realism. To show everyone real life as it truly is. He presents the protagonists & antagonists in the world. He is not concerned about idealizing things and making them beautiful when they are not. He is displaying real life as it is for political, social and moral reasons. Steinbeck wanted to indicate the socialism is better than capitalism. The play An Inspector Call is set in the city in Northern Midlands in 1912 and was written J.B Priestly. The book is set just before the First World War. (1911-1914) and that it’s the period history that Priestly chose to set his play on. Priestly play was written just after the World War 2 I think this is to show capitalism is wrong and how socialism i s right he portrayed this by showing Britain at its worst I think he wanted to influence socialism into the new, younger generation. He did this to avoid further war & conflict by showing how capitalism is wrong. The antagonist in of mice of men is Curley. This is because of his habit to think he is better than everyone. Curley’s appearance shows that he is a replica as his father; this is shown when both characters were introduced. The Boss was introduced first in chapter 2 â€Å"he wore high heeled boots with spurs to prove he is not a labouring man† spurs are the sharp silver circles at the bottom of boots; spurs are spiky and sharp this could suggest that the boss is dangerous and he shows this through his boots furthermore these specific boots are more expensive than a typical ranch hand could afford this could propose that the boss is to superior to help the workers like an socialist boss would, this is shown because the boots aren’t practical for workers because they are high heeled and we can’t work in high heeled boots. Curly was introduced in the same chapter(2) â€Å"Liked t he Boss he wore high heeled boots† Curly shows authority through the clothes he wears the quote â€Å"high heeled boots† show he wants to appear taller because of the fact he is short In addition it can also suggest that he is not like the ordinary ranch workers but more superior; He wants everyone else on the ranch to look up to him and treat him with higher authority. Curly is intimidated by Lennie because he is bigger and loftier than him and he tries to act immense around Lennie to show him that he is not scared. This makes us dislike him because we know  that even though Lennie is big and tall he wouldn’t hurt anyone out of meanness. Curley mirrors an animal when he spots Lennie smirking at him â€Å"his hands closed into fists, he stiffened into a crouch† describe him like an animal about to prance. Animals attack would be vicious and dangerous; reason why Curley is an antagonist because of the fact he acts like a scary ferocious and treacherous animal, this would affect the readers because nobody like violent nasty animals. Steinbeck may have done this so the readers of the novel or the people watching the play would change their views are realise that if they are capitalist how wrong it is due to the fact how Steinbeck exaggerated Curlys attitude. Curlys closed fists could mean he is hiding his fear from Lennie by shutting it out Curly has competition with every guy taller than him because he thinks they’re a threat to him. Curly picks on the marginalised characters and doesn’t even care for his dead wife but for revenge on Lennie this shows how cold hearted he is and since Curly is one of the main reprehensive of the capitalists in the book Steinbeck is showing us that the capitalists are the bad guys to the affect that they won’t even have a tad bit of sympathy for even their wife. Protagonists in Of mice and men are George and Lennie this is because they are always there for each other the quote â€Å"I got you to look after me and you got me to look after you† this shows that they got a lot of love for each other. George and Lennie have a brotherly relationship. George is the big brother & Lennie is the little brother. †a few beans slipped out of the side of Lennie mouth, George gestured with his spoon. The gesture which he did is something a mother would do to a child. We like Lennie because he is like a child. In Chapter 1 (pg21) the following quote stated by George to Lennie quite a few times is, â€Å"Say it over to yourself, Lennie, so you won’t forget it.† Here George is treating Lennie like a child because he can not remember anything and must be constantly reminded of what he has to do. Lennies childish behaviour is also shown in the last chapter when Lennie says â€Å"You ain’t gonna leave me, are ya George?† (p. 98) He is fearing, as a little child would, that he will be left all along, and both he and George know that Lennie cannot be on his own we admire Lennie because he is fair and treats everyone the same. We don’t know a lot about Lennie’s background. We don’t know what happened to Lennie’s family and parents and why he didn’t live with them, just that he was looked after by his Aunt Clara. George is  Lennies only family apart from his Aunt, We think of Lennie as a protagonist because he is like a child and everyone likes children we like George because he looks after Lennie and doesn’t take advantage of him to the effect which he treats him like his own family. George could have left Lennie when ever he wanted to. George could’ve left Reed and let the authorities take lennie so he would run off, start somewhere new with a better job and won’t have Lennie as a interference anymore, the fact that George helped Lennie escape shows that they really care for each other and he is like an big brother to him. We are shown Lennies childish behaviour at the start of the book we know he likes to touch soft things, He has a dead mouse in his pocket so he can stroke it as there walking along, When George sees this he treats him like a child and makes Lennie throw it away â€Å"give it here!† This shows there father-son like relationship as the harsh to ne he used when he asked Lennie for the mouse. The harsh tone is shown by the explanation mark. Other protagonist in of mice and men are candy and crooks. Candy is discriminated for being old and disables, readers will feel sympathetic towards him especially after Carlson killed Candy’s only companion his dog; Crooks is a Negro and is discriminated for his race. In the great depression black people suffered as much as white people and in majority of the cases even worse. They left the southern states hoping to find work majority of the time they won’t come across any and they would experience racism. Along with candy crooks character is used by Steinbeck to show the effects of discrimination. This time the prejudice is based on race, crooks is not allowed in the bunk house with the white people he is only allowed in Christmas and that is because he pays a collateral of fighting for their entertainment. The protagonist in of mice and men are coincidently the marginalised characters. Steinbeck shows us that the protagonists in the book are also the socialists. The protagonists in An Inspector Calls is the inspector this is because he feels remorseful for Eva Smiths’ death .In addition the Inspector is the only character in the play who didn’t do something to result in her dying. We can relate the inspector to the ghost from the Christmas tale â€Å"Ghosts of the Christmas past†. The ghosts try to change Ebenezer Scrooges behaviour the same way the inspector is trying to change the Birlings family manners and make them more socialists characters. Sheila is a protagonist because she changed from a  self-centred mummy’s girl to a mature and generous young lady. This is because the inspector showed that what she was did was wrong. In addition we like Sheila because she took full responsibility for Eva Smith’s death and the fact that she played a part towards it. Even after they realised that the inspector was actually a counterfeit and that they are not in trouble she felts guilty. Likewise Eric Sheila’s brother also changed his views he was already had socialists views at the start of play unlike Sheila however at the end of the play both characters took full responsibility and changed their capitalist views to socialist views. However Eric didn’t take full responsibility and tried to put some blame on Mrs Birling his mother. This is because Mrs Birling took no blame for the death of Eva smith. The fact that Mrs Birling takes no liability makes us dislike her similarly Mr Birling takes no blame and is actually relieved that the inspector didn’t come for him but his family this shows how subterranean he is, he didn’t mind the fact that his family might be in danger, only the fact that he is out of harm’s way. Mr Birling selfish and arrogant behaviour makes us dislikes him. Steinbeck and priestly are trying to demonstrate to us that the protagonists are socialists and that socialists are much loving caring and they are people we tend to like however capitalist are supercilious big headed and they are they bad people in life. Social mobility is when the poor attempt to ascend up to the prosperous however the prosperous push them down. This is shown in both texts of mice of men and an inspector calls. A classic example would be Eva smith from An Inspector Calls. She is a working class girl who committed suicide. This is because every time she stepped up or if something good happened to her the Birling residents pushed her down. Eva smith asked Mr Birling for pay raise however he said no for the reason that he claimed that if he paid her more he would have to increase the tax of the goods he sells the quote â€Å"They wanted 25 shilling I refused of course†. Proves my previous points point that capitalist are cold hearted, Mr Birling simply could have used his own money o pay the tax instead of increasing it however he is a capitalist and capitalists only care for themselves therefore to the only way to dispense of this problem was to sack Eva smith from work. The word â€Å"of course† shows u s that there was nothing to discuss and the answer to the raise is moderately perceptible. Mr Birling cares about himself and the profit he gains by getting rid of Eva smith, he  kept himself happy but didn’t realise he just ruined an innocent girls life. Sheila Mr Birling’s daughter took advantage of her father’s power. The quote â€Å"so you used the power you had†¦ to punish the girl just because she made you feel like that† shows the reader Sheila’s selfish attitude. The facts that Sheila got the girl fired because she was prettier than her shows us how priestly is trying to tell us that capitalists are snobby and bigheaded. They will also do anything they want to get what they want even if it’s distressing someone else. Mrs Birling refused to help pregnant Eva smith and said that it’s her fault and that she can’t do anything. This is also known as laissez faire which means not to interfere. The French word means let them do as they will. Mrs Birling doesn’t interfere with Eva Smiths life. This is an example of Mrs Billing’s cruel capitalistic behaviour. In my opinion I thinks that Mrs Birling is more capitalists then all the characters because of the fact she never had to work for money and she was born rich. Unlike Mr Birling who had to work for his money. They are the reason why society is failing and people can’t get jobs. It is ironic because they say they worked to get where they are now, but when one works, and gets rich the capitalists pus them down. In of mice and men, George and Lennie start of working in a ranch in southern California called Salinas’s valley. They are working together so they can get enough money to fulfil the â€Å"American Dream†. The American dream is to own a farm, live on it and the food that grows on the farm as well as the money they make of it. This represent the Jefferson ideal of agrarian society, Thomas Jefferson promoted an agrarian society for the United States of America during the nation’s early formation. Jefferson wanted America to live on farms and live on it and the food that grows on it. Curly the boss’s son abuses his power; he picks on Lennie and controls his wife, curly s capitalistic behaviour led to the failure of the American dream. Lennie had a dream and his dream was to live of the â€Å"fatta the land† the quote shows that Lennie wants to rise up and live and work for himself one day. Curley smashed lennies dream, he paid no attention o his wife so his wife tried communicating with Lennie. This eventually led to her death as she let Lennie touch her hair even after is past of killing soft thing like the puppy and mice. I think Steinbeck isn’t killing socialism but showing us how capitalism is killing it. Steinbeck and priestly show socialism and capitalism through the setting in texts.  Steinbeck shows the bunk house as underprivileged this shows how socialists are inadequately looked after along with their poor living conditions. Whereas priestly shows the Birlings house in the midlands as prosperous this represents the capitalists by saying that they can afford high-quality possessions. The bunk house is minute and un attractive the quote† white washed† shows that he people are deprived, the colour white shows that they can afford any other coloured paint because the colour white is unadorned as well as tedious , this must be why it’s cheap. The colour white is dull, coincidentally so are the people of the bunk house. Another interpretation could be that the boss was being cheap and indolent and that he didn’t want to spend allot of money on the workers, during the 1930s it was the time of the great depression this is when the country went into debt, people cut down on spending money this explains why the boss bought white paint as it must of been inexpensive. Steinbeck uses alliteration in the quote â€Å"white washed â€Å"to exaggerate the glumness of the colour white. The quote â€Å"floor un painted† manifests that the workers have a poor living condition. The quote indicates that not only was the boss cheap enough to get white paint, he couldn’t be bothered to buy enough to paint the floor. This shows that the boss is lazy and doesn’t care about his workers; the quote â€Å"small square windows† indicates that the windows are minuscule. The small window can indicate to their lack of freedom. The word small can mean petty and insignificant this implies that their freedom is negligible and trivial. The quote â€Å"solid door with a wooden latch† suggests that they are restrained within the bunk house. The word â€Å"solid† means hard and strong this can imply that the door is blocked off. The words wooden latch mean that they’re locked in this could imply that they’re trapped in the ranch house and in Steinbeck’s microcosm. The boss, curly and his wife live in another house however this house to superior to be explained in the story. The story is seen through George and lennies eye s perhaps Steinbeck is saying that they are not good enough to see their house. Steinbeck carefully controls the setting in Of mice and men. It is especially lucid in the last and first chapter, both chapters mirror each other you can see this because they start of at the Salinas River and end their journey there to. Steinbeck describes the nature vividly at the start and the end. The nature resonates with the theme of the novel. We can observe the relaxed aggression of nature. This  shows that everything Lennie did meant no harm and it was all natural. â€Å"Lennie never done it in meanness â€Å"the story foreshadows events from the start to the end. The conversation between George and Lennie reflects the firsts and last chapter. Their story goes round in circles like a hamster’s wheel it doesn’t take them anywhere. The ranch house may be poor and shabby however the Birling’s house is in the city in comparison to the country side. The house is advanced than a ranch house. The stage directions give an effect that it’s a comfy home. The lights were â€Å"pink and intimate† the colour of the lights reflected the mood of the play. This is shown in the book at the start whilst the family were celebrating the daughter engagement. When they shade of the lights was a â€Å"rose tinted glow† the family were still celebrating the daughter’s engagement to Gerald croft. The mood of the play was still romantic thus the use of warm coloured lights. The word rose means a shrub with prickly stems and a fragranced flower. A sore symbolizes love priestly may have used this to give a passionate sensation however roses have thorns so bristly, jagged and treacherous, Steinbeck might have been for shadowing the upcoming danger. The word glow means to emit light and heat devoid of flames. Priestly chose this to exaggerate the love and heat in the air emitted by the characters. Glow can also mean having a feeling of wellbeing or satisfaction. Something socialists can never feel because they are never happy due to the capitalists. However the atmosphere changes when the Inspector arrives and the lights are â€Å"brighter and harder† as if he is welcoming the family in to reality. The word â€Å"bright â€Å"is to emit intense light in comparison to the soft light emitted at the start of the play. The word â€Å"harder† means solid, firm and hard. Priestly may be indicating that things are getting ugly metaphorically. It can also mean an unkind feeling causing pain and sorrow of hardship it is as if priestly for shadows upcoming events through the illumination. The bright lights can resemblance the lights from one are getting interrogated by a policeman. The furniture in the Birling’s house is extravagant like the family itself the quote â€Å"solid furniture† means that the furniture in the Birling’s house won’t break because it’s expensive. A rich family tends to have expensive possessions in comparison to the bunk house in Of mice of men. There is only one woman in Of mice of men and that is Curleys wife. During the 1930s women were only used as housewives in  addition men only used them as sex objects this is sexism was more accepted in that centaury. Men paid no affection for their wife’s this is shown in of mice of men when curly would wear a â€Å"glove full of Vaseline† to keep his hand soft to pleasure his wife. This quote shows how curly has no respect for his wife and the fact that he goes around telling the people in the bunk house that shows how arrogant he is. Curly represents how men were in the 1930s in Steinbeck’s microcosm and due to his behaviour we can comprehend how egotistical capitalist men were in that time period. Women are discriminated in the book Of mice of men as well as during the 1930’s.in the time john Steinbeck lived women were only used to serve men they were not supposed high in regards. Women still tried to yearn for a better future by exploiting men. Curlys wife paraded around the bunk house wearing too much make up as well as stimulating clothing with red nails; red ostrich feathers and red mules. Steinbeck uses imagery to portray curlys wife as provocative that and the fact that she goes around the bunk house flirting with the workers and begging for attention. Curlys wife has no other way to communicate to somebody but through her body language. He quote â€Å"red finger nails , red mules , red ostrich feathers† plays a big part in her personality as she is wearing lots of the colour red, it could indicate blood and fire. These two features represents the devil. The devil brings danger so this could mean that curlys wife brings jeopardy. The colour red is intense a nd eye grabbing the fact that she wears these a lot of this colour could mean she wants all eyes on her and that she is seeking attention, implies that she is seeking love and desire both she is need of, she can only do this by wearing bright colours and dressing a certain way and through her promiscuous behaviour. Steinbeck’s preliminary portrayal of curls wife shows her to be a mean and seductive temptress. She is mirrored to eve in the garden of Eden. The same way eve seduced Adam. Curlys wife crushed George and lennies dream of owning a farm. Even curlys wife needed to dream of being a Hollywood actress, her beauty would have helped her fulfil her dream, and this made her vulnerable since she was not successful. The final chapters describe her as innocent. Steinbeck is shows us that everyone who are portrayed as bad may have some humanity in them. Steinbeck also refers to other women in of mice and men. Apart from the fact she’s not mentioned in the novel the girl from weed plays a big part as she is the  reason George and Lennie had to escape from the job in weed. We can conclude that the girl from weed and curlys wife are both temptations that encourage lennies curiosity and of course Lennie could not resist. Similarly how Lennie couldn’t resist to pet soft objects which comfort him ranch men could not refuse to accept the fact that they need to be seeking immediate gratification. Susy brothel households Clearly prove my point that women were just objects in the hands of men; this makes them victims of society. Many of the ranch men go there and participate in bordellos, its crystal clear that women were surplus and that they have no importance. In fact curlys wife’s name is not even mentioned in the novel. Steinbeck does not mention her name for the reason that he want to emphasise curlys ownership over her. He is depicting her as property rather than an actual person. She was the one who caused most the tension on the ranch the reason why her husband was always cranky. In spite of all the malevolence connected with women, Steinbeck also gives us an affectionate vision of Aunt Clara whose position is taken by George. Therefore in the novel we are made conscious that there is some good in women, on the other hand it seems as if that there can never be any harmony in the world were women are present because once eve contaminated Adam in the garden of Eden the world was tainted forever. There are not any main similarities between the three women in an inspector calls. Mrs Birling and Eva smith are from completely different spectra’s such as economical, social and personality apart from their gender there is no traits they share in common, Sheila is in between the two characters she is not as snobby as her callous mother neither is she un compassionate, however her social status is fa r away from Eva smiths. Sheila and Mrs Birling are related however they are more distanced. In this era it is common for parents to be distanced from their children, so as you can envisage in sibyls case she barely knew her own daughter. At the start of the play we see a much closed minded view of Sheila; she is like a Paris Hilton of the Victorian era because she is described as a shallow airhead. she gets bewildered over material goods. Especially when her fiancà © presented her an engagement ring. She called it â€Å"wonderful† and saying things like â€Å"look mummy isn’t it a beauty†. Sheila is in her twenties and his calling her mother â€Å"mummy† this is a classic example of her girlish, childish and immature behaviour. These two evidences prove my point as well  as going against it. They are figurative later on in the play, when Sheila’s impression change. Firstly she gives Gerald back her ring, claiming she wants to begin her relationship once again. Secondly she refers to her mum as â€Å"mother† and sees her mother in a new radiance; Sheila is un impressed and ashamed of her flippant and unsympathetic attitude. Sheila is initially very eager about her engagement and loves Gerald heaps; however she is not obtuse and knows he was doing something suspicious over the summer. Even though she didn’t know exactly what he was doing. She did mention it when they were drinking at the start of the play in an amiable approach† except for all last summer when you never came anywhere near me and I wondered what happened to you† despite the fact that Steinbeck does not let us know from the start that Gerald is up o no good we can guess it’s something to do with Eva Smith. Even before the characters do, priestly uses dramatic irony to emphasise this. Sheila is upset however she is not surprised by Gerald’s affair. As I mentioned earlier Sheila hands Gerald back the ring requesting to start the relationship anew. This shows her developing maturity towards the end of the play. During the final scenes Sheila is more peaceful and distinguished in manner as she is not delivering puerile hysterics that would have been expected from her at the star of the play. She knows she really loves Gerald deeply and she can’t complete life without him, however Sheila does not completely forgive him this is showing how independent she can be. Perhaps priestly is showing us that capitalists are stupid and immature and socialists are mature. Mrs Birling is one malicious piece of work. She is even more capitalists & cold hearted than her husband. She takes no accountability for the death of Eva Smith and tries to blame it on Eva by calling her â€Å"impertinent†. She seems to believe that since she is wealthy she is not to blame- typical capitalist behaviour. What’s even worse than her sickening uprightness is the fact that she is deluded. She believes everything she says is right. Mrs Birling is very comfortable with her situation in civilization. well we think she is, her bitter cold demeanour and her sour manner give of very little of her ambitions. She does not have a high status as the crofts however unlike her husband she in not ashamed and has no burning infatuation to be so. She is already her husband’s â€Å"social superior† and seems to be satisfied with that. It is ironic how Mrs Birling is the social superior as it is normally the husbands whom have a  higher status. she is very aware as well reprimanding her husband for the plain triviality of thanking the cook â€Å"Arthur you’re not supposed to say such things† as if a simple deed as thanking the chef is disgusting. Not only does Mrs Birling put herself on plinth, but she has aloofness for everyone else she even patronises her own offspring’s, treating them younger than they are. She finds the inspector extremely despicable as if she is exceeding the law when she says â€Å"I beg your pardon† according to her if she does not fond of the inspector’s attitude he would have to leave premises. Our image of Mrs Birling is pessimistic from the very start and only got worse she is representational of capitalism. The play was set out to expose and demoralize capitalism. Despite the fact that Mrs Birling is seen as the enemy of socialism, Eva smith is portrayed as its champion she is more of a representation rather than a character, seeing as though she doesn’t actually appear in the play itself Eva smith is very important. Edna and Eva are very alive as they are both working class women earning minimum wage, they hardly appear in the book this might be because of the fact priestly is showing that they are to low class to appear in the play. Both priestly and inspector Goole are similar because they support Eva smith while everyone apart from Mrs Birling felt sorry for her death, the inspector and priestly are the only one who haven’t done nothing wrong to lead to her death. At the start of the play The Birling family is drinking champagne and port both luxurious drinks priestly uses irony to show the rich capitalists are drinking expensive drinks however working class socialists Eva smith is drinks toxic disinfectant. Social Darwinism is the concept of survival of the fittest in this case it’s about women Steinbeck and priestly are shown that because women are women they are not significant enough for their power to increase this is shown through Curlys wife in On mice and men And Sheila in An in inspector calls, it is shown through curlys wife because of the fact she is a house wife and is nothing but a object to her husband. It is shown in an inspector calls when Sheila would try to talk but her father s tops her and tells her to go to her room and let the men talk. Both examples show haw the men think they there better and that women don’t deserve to rise up or speak for them self. In conclusion I realised that Both Authors Steinbeck and Priestly disagree with Winston Churchill’s statement about how socialism is a philosophy of failure, they do this by  writing about social mobility and how there isn’t any because the capitalist always push the socialists down. In addition both authors clearly state the protagonists and antagonists, coincidently the protagonists were socialists and the antagonists were capitalists, the authors are telling the readers that Capitalists is pessimistic and socialists is optimistic. They also show us how capitalists have tended to be rich and have nicer houses this is because they don’t share the money resulting in the socialists living in meagre bunk houses. The authors also discreetly mention social Darwinism and that only certain people rise to the top theses certain people are the c apitalists because they are loaded. Both authors created a microcosm to show us how society was like at the time. This is called social realism. The two texts show how rich people are quick to take advantage of the poor and the vulnerable .